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3.6 End of chapter exercises

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3.6 End of chapter exercises (ESG5Z)

Exercise 3.1

Multiple answers are provided for each of the questions below. You are required to choose the most appropriate answer for each question. Write down the letter only.

During which stage does DNA replication occur?
  1. Prophase
  2. Anaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. None of the above
None of the above
Which of the following statements is correct?
  1. The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase
  2. The nucleolus reappears following telophase
  3. Interphase is characterised by little cellular activity, as the cell is resting to prepare for the next mitotic event.
  4. All of the above
The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase
Which of the following is not true?
  1. Only plant cells grow a cell plate
  2. Animal and plant cells both contain centrioles
  3. Metaphase is is when the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
  4. All of the above
Animal and plant cells both contain centrioles
There are two copies of DNA in the cell during:
  1. G1 phase
  2. Telophase
  3. G2 phase
  4. All of the above
G2 phase
Study the onion root-tip slides below and identify the stage of mitosis (most stages are represented more than once).

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

  1. i) prophase
  2. ii) anaphase
  3. iii) metaphase
  4. iv) interphase
  5. v) anaphase
  6. vi) metaphase
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumour?
A malignant tumour has the ability to invade and spread to other parts of the body (metastasise), while a benign tumour cannot spread.
Name five preventative measures or behaviours that will decrease your chances of developing cancer.
  1. Avoid smoking.
  2. Do not consume excessive alcohol.
  3. Eat a healthy diet.
  4. Partake in regular physical activity.
  5. Protect yourself from the sun.
  6. Attend regular preventative screenings at your doctor.

Cancer in South Africa. Look at the following table showing the percentage of deaths by cancer type in South Africa in 2000.

Cause of deathPercentage in all peoplePercentage in menPercentage in women
Tracheal/ Bronchal/ Lung cancer16.521.910.9
Oesophageal cancer13.416.79.9
Cervical cancer8.417.2
Breast cancer7.70.215.6
Liver cancer6.47.84.9
Colorectal Cancer6.25.46.9
Prostate cancer6.111.8
Stomach cancer5.66.54.7
Pancreatic cancer3.73.73.7
Leukaemia3.53.83.2

What medical procedures should women take to detect breast cancer early?

Mammograms, self-examination for lumps, x-rays and ultrasound scans.

Draw a bar graph to show the percentage deaths for each type of cancer for men and women.

Learner-dependent answer. Must show males and females next to each other for each type of cancer, with a space between each cancer type. Graph must have a heading, axis should be labelled correctly: x-axis- cancer type, y-axis- percentage. There should be a key which identifies which bar represents males and which bar represents females.
Which type of cancer is the most common in:
  1. men
  2. women
  1. tracheal/ bronchial/ lung cancer
  2. cervical cancer
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