3.5 Summary
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3.5 Summary (ESG5Y)
Mitosis and the cell cycle
- During interphase the DNA replicates.
- The process of mitosis occurs in four stages: prophase, metaphase; anaphase and telophase.
- Cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells. In animal cells the cytoplasm invaginates and divides the cell in two, and in a plant cell the cell is divided in two by the cell plate which forms the cell wall.
- Mitosis ensures growth of tissues and organisms.
- Damaged and worn out tissues are repaired and replaced by new cells through mitosis.
- Single-celled (unicellular) organisms like amoeba often reproduce asexually by mitosis.
Cancer
- Cancer is caused by DNA mutations.
- Abnormal and uncontrolled cell division results in tumour formation.
- Tumours affect the functioning of the tissue or organ.
- Cancer cells can enter the bloodstream or lymph and spread to distant parts of the body and form new tumours (metastasise).
- Cancers are caused by substances called carcinogens.
- Carcinogens such as certain chemicals, radiation, viruses and genetics can be the cause of certain cancers.
- Cancers can be treated by various methods including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and traditional medicines.
Videos to watch
Overview: Binary fission- Mitosis and cell division- Cancer Cell Division
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