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7.6 Summary

7.6 Summary (ESG9S)

  • Nutrients and oxygen are required by cells for cellular respiration. These are transported by blood to the various cells.
  • Carbon dioxide and other waste products need to be transported from the cells to the exterior. This is also transported via blood.
  • There are open and closed circulatory systems. In an open circulatory system blood enters a cavity, in a closed circulatory system blood remains in vessels.
  • A double closed circulation system consists of the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems.
  • Blood is pumped through the heart under high pressure to the various parts of the body.
  • The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body via veins and sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
  • The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it via arteries to all parts of the body.
  • Specialised cells (sinoatrial node) send signals to the atrioventricular node to cause the atria and ventricles to contact and control the cardiac cycle and heart rate.
  • The lymphatic system is composed of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and organs.
  • Lymph vessels assist the circulatory system and all the cells of the body by removing wastes, germs and excess water from the tissue fluid.
  • There are many diseases that affect the heart and circulatory system and many treatments are available.