6.8 Summary
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6.8 Summary (ESG8T)
- There are three types of skeletons:
- Hydrostatic skeleton
- Endoskeleton
- Exoskeleton
- When animals moved from water to land, there was a need for the development of strong limbs and a skeleton to provide support to the bodies, which had previously been provided by water.
- Humans have an endoskeleton consisting of:
- Axial skeleton (cranium, facial bones, foramen magnum, palate and jaws, vertebral column, rib cage and breastbone/sternum)
- Appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle with arms and pelvic girdle with legs)
- Functions of the human skeleton are:
- Movement
- Protection
- Support
- Storage of minerals
- Hearing
- The tissues associated with the human skeleton are bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.
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Joints
A joint is formed when two or more bones come into contact.
There are three types of joints:
- Immovable joints
- Partly movable joints
- Synovial joints (Hinge joints, ball and socket joints, pivot joints, gliding joints)
- Human locomotion requires the use and coordination of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and antagonistic muscles.
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Muscles
There are three types of muscle tissue:
- Smooth/involuntary
- Skeletal/voluntary
- Cardiac muscle
Myofibrils are responsible for muscle contraction.
- There are many diseases that affect the skeleton, such as rickets, osteoporosis and arthritis.
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